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CD3 is a multimeric protein complex serving as a T cell co-receptor. Being a defining feature of the T cell lineage, CD3 can be used as a marker for T cells. Anti-CD3 antibodies are therefore ideal for T cell characterization. Different polymer architectures behave differently regarding their dynamics. We have used a combination of dielectric spectroscopy, and fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to compare the dynamical behavior of two different polymer architectures, with similar overall molecular weight. The systems of interest are a bottlebrush polymer and a linear one, both based on poly. Get 50% Off with this Coupon Code: Until 2: Save 50% Off with this Promo Code: Until 3: Take $10 Off with this Promo Code: Until 4: $25 Promo Credit When You Add Any Debit Card: Ongoing 5: Take $15 Off with this Promo Code.

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The T cell activation mediator

CD3 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and acts as a mediator of signal transduction. It is a multimeric protein composed of four distinct polypeptide chains (ε, γ, δ, ζ). Each of these chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motifs (ITAMS) which are required for initiation of signaling cascades, as they recruit protein tyrosine kinases, signaling intermediates and adapter molecules. CD3 is expressed by a high-percentage of circulating peripheral T cells forming a complex with the T cell receptor (TCR). As CD3 is present at all stages of T cell development, it is a highly effective T cell marker. Read our CD3 mini-review for detailed information on CD3 including its structure alongside that of the TCR, the genes involved in its expression, its function and the signal transduction pathways mediated by the CD3 complex.

For more information about T cells refer to the following resources available:

T cell overview; including antibodies available to this important immune cell
T cell receptor mini-review for detailed information on TCR activation, signaling, development and diversity
Human T cell lineage posters
Human T cell marker selection and expression guide
Mouse T cell lineage posters
Mouse T cell marker selection and expression guide

Here we look at anti-CD3 clones and their recommended applications.

Anti-human CD3 clones

Clone CD3-12, specifically recognizes a conserved epitope within the cytoplasmic sequence of the human CD3ε chain. The epitope on the epsilon polypeptide is conserved among many species resulting in antibody clone, CD3-12, having a very broad species cross reactivity for the CD3 marker. Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry, immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry – frozen, immunohistochemistry – paraffin sections and western blotting
Clone MEM-57 recognizes an extracellular epitope of the human CD3 complex containing either δ-ε or γ-ε subunit complexes (Dave et al. 1998). Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation
Clone UCHT1 binds to a region in the ectodomain of human CD3ε and has been shown to bind to a discontinuous epitope near an acidic region of CD3ε opposite the dimer interface; as shown by crystallographic studies of the CD3ε/δ dimer complexed with a single chain UCHT1 antibody fragment (Arnett et al. 2004). Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry – frozen

Anti-mouse CD3 clones

Clone KT3 may be used to trigger proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD3 positive cells. Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry – frozen
Clone 145-2C11 is useful for in vitro blocking and activation assays, as well as apoptosis induction and in vitro T cell depletions. Contrary to KT3, clone 145-2C11 induces cytokine release and morbidity in vivo (Vossen et al. 1995). Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry, immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry – frozen, immunoprecipitation and western blotting

Anti-rat CD3 clones

Clone 1F4 has been demonstrated to induce proliferation of T cells in cell culture (Nicolls et al. 1993). Mouse anti-rat CD3, clone 1F4 does not react with rat B cells. Applications for this antibody include flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry – frozen, immunohistochemistry – paraffin sections and immunoprecipitation

CD3 antibodies are also available for dog, pig, chicken and Rhesus monkey.